Psychology MCAT Practice Exam 2025 - Free Practice Questions and Study Guide for Aspiring Psychologists.

The central premise of social-learning theory is that learning occurs through the observation of others and their consequences. This concept, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes that individuals can acquire new behaviors and skills not only through direct reinforcement and experience but also by watching others, referred to as models.

In this framework, when a person observes someone else being rewarded for a behavior, they are more likely to imitate that behavior themselves. Conversely, if they see someone being punished, they may be less likely to engage in that behavior. This observational learning process incorporates cognitive elements, as individuals consider the potential outcomes of their actions based on what they have observed.

Furthermore, social-learning theory underscores the importance of the environment in shaping behavior, recognizing that much of our learning happens within a social context. This perspective contrasts with theories that assert learning is purely a result of firsthand experiences or biological factors, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of how people learn in varied situations.